A website works by following a client-server model where the client (typically a web browser) sends a request to the server, and the server responds with the requested data. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of how a website functions:
- User Request: When you type a web address into your browser, the browser initiates a request to the server where the website is hosted.
- DNS Lookup: The browser performs a DNS (Domain Name System) lookup to convert the domain name into an IP address. This is similar to looking up the address of a shop before going there.
- HTTP Request: The browser sends an HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) request to the server, asking it to send a copy of the website. This is like ordering goods from the shop.
- Server Response: If the server approves the client’s request, it sends a “200 OK” message back to the browser, indicating that the client can view the website. The server then starts sending the website’s files to the browser in small chunks called data packets.
- Data Assembling: The browser assembles the received data packets into a complete web page and displays it to you. This is like bringing the ordered goods back to your house.
- Loading Assets: After the main HTML page is loaded, the browser scans the HTML for other assets, such as images, CSS files, and JavaScript files. For each asset listed, the browser makes additional HTTP requests to the server to fetch each resource.
- Rendering: Once all the assets are loaded, the browser renders the web page according to the instructions in the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files. The rendered page is then displayed to the user.
It’s worth noting that all communication between the client and the server is done over the internet, and this communication follows certain protocols like TCP/IP and HTTP.
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